National Parks

Alum Leads Study Mapping Yellowstone鈥檚 Plumbing

Anonymous — Mon, 07 Nov 2022 07:00:00 +0000

Alum Leads Study Mapping Yellowstone鈥檚 Plumbing Anonymous (not verified) Mon, 11/07/2022 - 00:00

Alexx McMillan

Carol Finn (MGeol鈥�82; PhDGeoPhys鈥�88) and her team of researchers are the first to use electromagnetic sensors to map the hydrothermal network 鈥� the plumbing 鈥� under Yellowstone National Park (YNP). Finn, lead author of the study鈥檚 paper published in Nature, is a research geophysicist at the U.S. Geological Survey in Denver who specializes in geothermal mapping and natural hazard assessment.

What was best about your time at CU?

My fellow graduate students. There was tremendous camaraderie, and I am still friends with many of them. My advisors also gave me a lot of freedom to pursue my research in geophysics. Plus, what鈥檚 not to love about campus?

What inspired your interest in geophysics and natural hazards?

Geophysicists use remote means to look inside the earth, similar to doctors who use X-rays, MRIs and CTs to scan the body. I love being able to reveal hidden knowledge. My first projects were using geophysical data to look for hot rock under volcanoes in the Cascade Range. This is where my interest in volcanoes started. My later work in the Cascades and Alaska in-volved looking for buried hydrothermally weakened rock on the volcanoes that might source very large landslides. Being able to contribute to the understanding of these hazards is very gratifying because the knowledge helps local communities develop mitigation strategies to save lives in case of a landslide.

What is especially interesting or important about Yellowstone?

Everything! Most people who visit Yellowstone are awed by the beauty and seeming magic of the geysers, hot pots and other thermal features. Yellowstone contains the largest number of thermal features in the world and provides an analog for geysers on other planets.

What is your data collection process?

A helicopter flies with an 80-foot-diameter loop of wire dangling above the ground. The loop sends downward repeated electromagnetic signals that create currents in electrically conductive bodies in the subsurface. The signal of these currents is sensed by the wire loop. The technique is effective in environments like Yellowstone because cold water, hot fluids and clays resulting from hot fluids passing through them conduct electricity, whereas dry volcanic rocks do not.

What are the potential applications of your findings?

Despite decades of studies, the plumbing system that links legendary surface features to deep thermal fluids beneath YNP was previously unknown. It鈥檚 important to understand how it works because there鈥檚 a lot of geological activity underneath Yellowstone. Understanding the connectivity of the plumbing system in YNP is also useful to determine whether geothermal energy extraction outside of the park might influence hydrothermal activity in the park.

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Photos courtesy Carol Finn

Carol Finn and her team of researchers are the first to use electromagnetic sensors to map the hydrothermal network 鈥� the plumbing 鈥� under Yellowstone National Park.

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Yellowstone

Anonymous — Thu, 01 Jun 2017 06:05:00 +0000

Yellowstone Anonymous (not verified) Thu, 06/01/2017 - 00:05

Janice Podsada

Marjane Ambler (Engl鈥�85) learned to share the road with bison. That鈥檚 what you do when you live in Yellowstone National Park.

鈥淵ou鈥檇 be snowmobiling and you wouldn鈥檛 see them at night because they鈥檇 be covered in snow,鈥� said Ambler, who lived year-round inside the majestic, 2.2 million-acre park for nearly a decade.

After her husband, Terry Wehrman, a heavy equipment operator, was hired by the National Park Service in 1984 to pack the park鈥檚 roads for snowmobilers, the couple moved from Atlantic City, Wyo., to Lake Village, a tiny community 30 miles past Yellowstone鈥檚 East entrance.

Home was a quadraplex occupied by a dozen residents 鈥� eight park employees, some with spouses. There were no cellphones, no Internet and for most of their residency no television, said Ambler, 69, a semi-retired journalist and author.

In winter, work revolved around snow 鈥� shoveled from roofs to prevent collapse, groomed for snowmobiles.

Ambler, a lifelong skier, once spurned the noisy machines. But from November to April, the park鈥檚 roads closed to cars and trucks.

鈥淔or five months of the year, snowmobiles carried the milk, eggs, hamburger and any guests brave enough to visit,鈥� she wrote in her 2013 book, Yellowstone Has Teeth: A Memoir of Living Year-round in the World鈥檚 First National Park.

Ambler soaked in the park鈥檚 beauty, learning to recognize mice, coyote, otter and bison tracks.

With few lights to cancel out the stars, the night sky shimmered.

鈥淥ne got the sense of being very small,鈥� she said.

When the temperature dropped, Yellowstone Lake moaned as it froze, as if 鈥渟omeone were running a finger around the rim of a giant wine glass.鈥�

Ambler learned Mother Nature was boss: 鈥淚f it was 20 below, you鈥檙e not going to that concert.鈥�

Bison and bears could kill, so 鈥測ou always looked both ways.鈥�

Even twitchy dogs were not to be ignored. 鈥淥ne night our dog was making these strange cries and quivering,鈥� she said. 鈥淭he next morning, we discovered a grizzly bear under the porch.鈥�

Ambler spent her days writing: 鈥淓very writer鈥檚 dream is to have these long blocks of uninterrupted time.鈥�

Days would go by 鈥渨hen the only interruption was the shadow of a swan across the window,鈥� she said.

To foster community, the park residents held weekly potlucks.

Talk of religion or politics was discouraged. Instead residents discussed 鈥渟nowmobiling 鈥� things we had in common,鈥� Ambler said.

She found friends she might have overlooked elsewhere.

In April, the plows arrived. In May, the park gates opened.

鈥淚t was like moving to the city, except the city came to you,鈥� she said.

In 1993, Ambler and Wehrman left for Colorado and Mesa Verde National Park. Today they live in Atlantic City and Lake Havasu, Ariz.

Leaving Yellowstone was a shock. 鈥淲e鈥檇 lived there so long, we didn鈥檛 know what was normal,鈥� she said. 鈥淪uddenly we could walk to the post office.鈥�

Looking back, Ambler finds it hard to imagine who she鈥檇 be without the Yellowstone experience.

鈥淚t鈥檚 a place that really gets into your soul.鈥�

Photo courtesy Marjana Ambler

Marjane Ambler learned to share the road with bison. That鈥檚 what you do when you live in Yellowstone National Park.

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Guiding Grand Canyon

Anonymous — Thu, 01 Dec 2016 23:24:00 +0000

Guiding Grand Canyon Anonymous (not verified) Thu, 12/01/2016 - 16:24

Eric Gershon

Buff Chris Lehnertz takes charge of an American icon.

Superlatives come easy at the Grand Canyon. So do spiritual feelings: For the English writer J. B. Priestley, the great cleft was no less than 鈥渁 revelation.鈥�

Now the canyon and much of the surrounding landscape 鈥� more than a million acres in all 鈥� are Chris Lehnertz鈥� to care for.

At the end of August, Lehnertz (EPOBio鈥�85) became the 19th superintendent of Grand Canyon National Park, one of the most famous and visited in the National Park system.

鈥淗ow can I not have a smile on my face?鈥� she said in an early September interview, just days into the job.

The first woman to oversee Grand Canyon since it was first set aside as public space more than 100 years ago, Lehnertz is at home in America鈥檚 magnificent public spaces.

In her previous job, she led Golden Gate National Recreation Area, which includes Alcatraz Island and San Francisco鈥檚 Presidio and is the second most visited National Park Service site. Earlier Lehnertz was deputy superintendent at Yellowstone. From 2010 to 2015 she oversaw the park service鈥檚 entire Pacific West Region, which covers the six westernmost states plus the South Pacific islands of Guam, Saipan and American Samoa.

Like many of her fellow superintendents, Lehnertz will also need to manage an intensifying crush of visitors. With 5.5 million last year 鈥� up 16 percent year-over-year 鈥� Grand Canyon is the second most visited park.

In those roles she鈥檚 navigated an astonishing diversity of sometimes thorny issues 鈥� including a proposal to build the country鈥檚 largest landfill on the edge of Joshua Tree National Park in southern California and a bitter battle over dog leash policies in Golden Gate. Along the way she鈥檚 established herself as an open-minded listener and skilled broker of competing interests with a knack for fostering a sense of community among park employees.

鈥淪he鈥檚 a master at working with other folks,鈥� said Neal Desai of the National Parks Conservation Association, an independent parks advocate and watchdog. 鈥淪he treats other land managers, and stakeholders who don鈥檛 even agree with what the park service is doing or proposing, with a great deal of respect.鈥�

Lehnertz has her work cut out for her at Grand Canyon. A primary task will be improving working conditions and morale among the park鈥檚 roughly 500 employees following a federal investigation that found 鈥渆vidence of a long-term pattern of sexual harassment and hostile work environment鈥� within the park.

Somebody told me, 鈥榊ou鈥檙e the new mayor.' It鈥檚 like running a town."

鈥淲e have some important work to do on improving how we care for employees,鈥� she said. 鈥淲e know there鈥檚 been a history of sexual harassment. We are really going to have to change the organization to make sure that Grand Canyon is an inclusive, respectful work environment. Somewhere in there something went wrong. And we can鈥檛 be shy about looking at that.鈥�

Chris Lehnertz is the first woman to serve as superintendent of Grand Canyon National Park, among the federal park system鈥檚 busiest.

In addition to a lot of careful listening, she said, initial priorities include cultivating relationships with 11 Native American tribes long associated with the park and telling the story of climate change, an aim for the entire National Park Service.

Like many of her fellow superintendents, Lehnertz will also need to manage an intensifying crush of visitors. With 5.5 million last year 鈥� up 16 percent year-over-year 鈥� Grand Canyon is the second most visited park. The park system recorded an all-time high of 307 million.

Then there鈥檚 the everyday work of running a high-traffic tourist destination 鈥� supervising routine maintenance (鈥淚 always talk about toilets, trash and trails,鈥� Lehnertz said), wildlife management (resident condors and bison, for instance), tending to archaeological resources, working with concessionaires and managing infrastructure upgrades. The transcanyon pipeline that supplies fresh water for thousands of park residents badly needs attention.

鈥淪omebody told me, 鈥榊ou鈥檙e the new mayor,鈥欌€� said Lehnertz, 55. 鈥淚t鈥檚 like running a town.鈥�

Lehnertz joined the park ser vice in 2007, after a full career with several state and federal agencies with a stake in natural resources, including the Colorado Division of Wildlife, the U.S. Forest Service, the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), where she spent 16 years in Denver and Washington.

She found her way to the Park Service almost by accident. While at the EPA, she applied to an executive training program with the Department of Interior, which runs the Park Service, as practice for a similar EPA program. Admitted, she took a temporary assignment at Yellowstone and found her colleagues congenial. After she returned to the EPA, the Yellowstone superintendent called and said, 鈥淗ey, I鈥檝e got a deputy superintendent position open鈥︹€�

鈥淚t was like a whole world opened up to me,鈥� Lehnertz said.

Climate change is a story we have to tell. If we don鈥檛 change the path we鈥檙e on, it will be difficult to understand where our refuge is when the climate dramatically changes.鈥�

Born in Texas, she grew up in Colorado, mainly around Littleton, the third of four children. Her father was a geologist who loved the outdoors.

鈥淗e was always taking the family out someplace in Colorado with his geologist鈥檚 pick in one hand and his magnifying lens in the other while mom was rounding up the kids and making sure we didn鈥檛 fall off any cliffs,鈥� she said.

Lehnertz鈥� first visit to a national park came at about age 5, when the family went to see the cliff dwellings at Mesa Verde in southwest Colorado, she said. Since then, she鈥檚 been to about 75 of more than 400 sites in the NPS system, from Acadia National Park in Maine to American Memorial Park on Saipan. (Of the sites, 59 are formally National Parks.)

It wasn鈥檛 until her 40s that Lehnertz first visited Grand Canyon. Soon she鈥檒l know it as well as anyone.

Grand Canyon National Park is far more than the North and South Rims, where most visitors congregate, and it鈥檚 more than the mile-deep canyon itself. The park鈥檚 nearly 2,000 square miles include forests, deserts, plains, plateaus, streams and waterfalls, as well as archaeological ruins and millennia of geological splendor.

It鈥檚 the superintendent鈥檚 job to balance preservation of irreplaceable natural resources with a mandate to make them accessible to the public, and to interpret them.

Assessing climate change鈥檚 effect on the parks and educating visitors about it is a high priority for the NPS, Lehnertz said, and will be for her. At some park sites in the Pacific, she said, visitor parking lots built just 25 or 30 years ago are now under water as often as not.

鈥淐limate change is a story we have to tell,鈥� she said. 鈥淚f we don鈥檛 change the path we鈥檙e on, it will be difficult to understand where our refuge is when the climate dramatically changes.鈥�

In the fall, as Lehnertz and her spouse, Shari Dagg, were still settling into the superintendent鈥檚 house near the canyon鈥檚 South Rim, Lehnertz was getting up to speed and looking far ahead. One of the many tasks before her is preparing the next strategic plan for the park, which celebrates its 100th anniversary in 2019.

鈥淭hat sets us up this year to think about, 鈥榃hat is the future for Grand Canyon?鈥欌€�

Lehnertz will have a hand in shaping that future, a relief for Neal Desai, the parks advocate.

鈥淚n my opinion, she鈥檚 the right person at the right time for the Grand Canyon,鈥� he said.

What might come next for Lehnertz herself 鈥� after postings at Yellowstone, Golden Gate and Grand Canyon 鈥� is hard to imagine, and a ways off.

Someday, she said, 鈥淵ou retire and you just spend time going for hikes in all those parks you haven鈥檛 visited yet.鈥�

Photos courtesy Grand Canyon National Park/NPS

Buff Chris Lehnertz takes charge of an American icon.

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